Explore round-the-clock CFE in action
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Tracking the shift to round-the-clock clean energy — worldwide
Global Pulse

About Time.

Follow the global transition to round-the-clock clean energy — policies, deals, suppliers, and research, all in one place.

Countries with tracked activity
Organisations tracked

Latest Activity

Latest Regulations
Hybrid PPAs
Hourly Product Suppliers
Why hourly matching matters

Annual procurement can claim 100% clean — but hour-by-hour the picture is very different. The solar-only example below illustrates the gap; wind and batteries close it.

Volume-based claim
Annual matching
Total annual solar generation artificially balances total annual demand. On paper: 100% clean.
Surplus and deficit cancel out annually — on paper ✓
No hourly granularity Annual accounting doesn't track hourly
Solar generation Surplus (banked) Deficit (fossil) Demand
100%
Annual CFE claim
What this means · Annual certificates hide when energy is consumed vs generated. Solar generation peaks at noon, whereas demand peaks in the morning and evening.
Solar-only gaps revealed
Hourly accounting reality
Hourly data exposes the gaps. Solar produces nothing at night.
JanAprJulOctDec
0:006:0012:0018:0024:00
Solar Fossil gap Demand
~33%
Hourly CFE coverage
~67%
Fossil gap
0%
Night coverage
What this means · While certificates allowed 100% clean claims, 67% of hours still relied on fossil fuel generation: not reducing emissions and leaving organisations exposed to power market price spikes.
Add wind + batteries
Round-the-clock matching
Wind covers nights and mornings. Batteries shift solar surplus to demand peaks.
JanAprJulOctDec
0:006:0012:0018:0024:00
Solar Wind Battery Residual Demand
95%
Hourly CFE coverage
5%
Fossil residual
What this means · Synthesizing wind, solar, and battery storage together enables reliable around-the-clock carbon-free electricity. The remaining 5% gap drives investment in firm clean power and long-duration storage.
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Research Intelligence

Research

Explore the evidence base behind round-the-clock carbon-free energy, hourly matching, granular certificates, deliverability, storage, emissions, and system impacts.

Evidence landscape
By year
By geography
Paper details
Policy & Regulation

Regulation

Laws and standards requiring granular or hourly electricity matching, by jurisdiction.

With regulation
No regulation
🗺
Select a highlighted country to view its regulations
Law / StandardRegionDateStatus TemporalDeliverableAdditionality / Asset ruleInstitutionOpen
Reports & Whitepapers

Whitepapers & Reports

Industry and policy reports on round-the-clock CFE and granular electricity accounting.

Publication timeline
Whitepapers published per year
Author types
Classified from the Author column
Publishing momentum
Papers per quarter — hover for details
Media Coverage

Media

News, articles, podcasts, videos, webinars and public commentary on round-the-clock CFE and granular electricity accounting.

Featured story
·
Read story →
Latest coverage
Industry Advocacy

Support Letters

Coalition letters, consultation responses and advocacy support for round-the-clock CFE, green hydrogen and granular accounting.

OrganisationTypeRegionTopic / CampaignSource
Hybrid PPA Tracker

Hybrid PPAs

Round-the-clock clean PPAs signed across global markets.

Deal momentumRound-the-clock PPAs signed per year
Technology mixTech components across all deals (deals may use multiple)
Buyer landscapeDeal count by organisation
Deal size vs hourly ambitionBubble size = MW capacity · Y axis = % hourly match target
All deals
Evidence in action

Case Studies

Real-world examples of hourly clean energy matching and granular certificate implementation.

Click a pin for details
Pick a case study
Click any pin on the map to see full case study details here.
Browse cases below
Case study library ()
Market Intelligence

Hourly Product Suppliers

Energy suppliers are increasingly offering hourly-matched clean energy products globally. Check out Granular Energy's hourly matching tariffs database.

Supplier presence
Standards & Coalitions

Communities & Coalitions

Key organisations and networks advancing round-the-clock CFE, granular certificates and hourly clean energy procurement.

Global Atlas

Map Explorer

Explore round-the-clock CFE activity by country — from research and regulation to PPAs, suppliers, case studies, communities, and implementation signals.

15+ signals
5–14 signals
1–4 signals
Not tracked
Registry upgrading (RAF)
countries tracked
total signals
Europe
signals
North America
signals
Asia Pacific
signals
Latin America
signals
Middle East / Africa
signals
Show registries upgrading to hourly GC tracking